Evaluation Of serum p-selectin level In Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction

: Introduction: Introduction: Around the world, 200 million people suffer from thyroid dysfunction. The regulation of body temperature, metabolism, blood pressure, fertility, fetal neurological development, children's academic achievement, mental health, and overall quality of life are all significantly impacted by thyroid dysfunction. In response to inflammatory circumstances, the adhesion molecule P-selectin is transported to the surfaces of platelets and endothelial cells. It is frequently investigated as an inflammatory disease biomarker. Aim of the study: To evaluate the level of serum p-selectin among patients with thyroid dysfunction. Subjects and methods: This case-control research is comprised of twenty patients in Group A who have hyperthyroidism and have elevated thyroid functions; twenty patients in Group B with hypothyroidism and reduced thyroid function; and twenty subjects in Group C with normal thyroid functions (the euthyroid group). After taking a full medical history, a full clinical examination was done. Blood samples were collected for routine labs and measurement of TSH, FT4, and P. SELECTIN LEVEL Results: The p-selectin level was higher in the hyperthyroidism group than in the hypothyroidism group and in the control group. Conclusion: P-selectin has a higher level in hyperthyroidism.


Introduction
The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones.
They regulate lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism as well as vital signs, neurological development, and various bodily functions.
In addition to their hemostatic function, platelets have multiple functions and are crucial in the control of inflammation and the immune system.In

Exclusion criteria
Patients who met the following criteria were disqualified: 1. Age > 70.
3. History of thromboembolic events or bleeding disorders.Two-sided (two-tails) type I error of and power of 80%.

Study design
In

Statistical analysis
The

Results
Regarding age and sex distribution, there was no statistically significant difference between study groups (P >0.05) (Table 1).
1. Demographic comparisons between various study groups.The average TSH levels in all groups were.25,8.5, and 1.8, respectively, while the average FT4 levels were 4.7, 1.8, and 1.3, respectively.Between study groups, there was a statistically significant difference in thyroid profile (P <0.05) (Table 2).

Discussion
The relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hemostasis in clinical practice has been evaluated for years.In patients with thyroid disorders, numerous acquired coagulation and fibrinolytic system disorders have already been documented.
Subclinical changes, as well as clinically significant problems with hemostasis, may be the cause of these abnormalities.
As regard the p-selectin level, there was a statistical difference between study participants, according to this study, with a higher percentage of high p-selectin among group A (hyperthyroidism) and a high percentage of low p-selectin level among group B (hypothyroidism).
This agreed with a previous study by HARA et al. (2001), who showed that patients with uncontrolled Graves' disease had plasma P-Selectin levels that were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals.and those in Graves' disease controlled by methimazole [4].
That also agreed with Miyazaki et al.
response to inflammatory conditions, many platelet-derived factors help to form an inflammatory response.The most significant one is P-selectin, which is an adhesion molecule transported to the surfaces of platelets and endothelial cells.It is frequently investigated as an inflammatory disease biomarker [2].P-selectin is an adhesive molecule that is kept in alpha-granules.It moves to the platelet membranes in response to triggering stimuli; it is translocated to the membranes of platelets.Numerous studies have shown raised P-selectin and plateletleukocyte aggregates in the whole blood isolated from people with strokes or people who have elevated cholesterol levels and atherosclerotic carotid arteries [3].
, Germany).The minimum sample size of patients was 20 patients in each group.Effect size: 0.39, depending on previous research results.
statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22 was employed for data collection, codification, and analysis.Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square (χ2) test.The mean and standard deviation were employed to summarize numerical data.Both the independent t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the degree of similarity between the two sets of information.When comparing courses, the Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized

Table 2 :
Comparison of other investigation in study groups.

Table 3 .
Comparisons between the levels of p-Selectin in various study groups.